Membuat Radar Dengan Arduino

Pada artikel ini saya masih ingin melakukan percobaan sederhana masih menggunakan arduino dan sensor ultrasonik. Percobaan kali ini bersumber dari web orang luar, karena saya hanya bisa mencontek saja, jika kamu ingin mengunjungi link aslinya silahkan baca di HowToMechatronics.com.

Yap kali ini saya coba untuk membuat radar dengan menggunakan arduino dan sensor ultrasonik. Pada umumnya radar digunakan untuk mendeteksi pesawat musuh atau objek lainnya dengan menggunakan frekuensi radio. Kalau menurut saya sih yang saya coba buat ini bukanlah radar karena menggunakan frekuensi ultrasonik tapi lebih mirip ke sonar yang biasanya digunakan untuk mendeteksi kapal selam. Oke mari kita buat!!

Alat dan Bahan

Arduino
Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04
Kabel Jumper
Motor Servo
Software Arduino IDE
Software Processing yang bisa kamu download di http://processing.org/

Koneksi Kabel

VCC Sensor Ultrasonik → +5v Arduino
GND Sensor Ultrasonik → GND Arduino
Trig Sensor Ultrasonik → Pin 10 Arduino
Echo Sensor Ultrasonik → Pin 11 Arduino
Kabel Merah Servo (+) → +5v Arduino
Kabel Coklat Servo (-) → GND Arduino
Kabel Orange Servo (Signal) → Pin 12 Arduino

Langkah 1

Upload source code berikut ke arduino dengan menggunakan Arduino IDE.

    // Includes the Servo library
    #include <Servo.h>. 
    // Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor
    const int trigPin = 10;
    const int echoPin = 11;
    // Variables for the duration and the distance
    long duration;
    int distance;
    Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor
    void setup() {
      pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
      pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
      Serial.begin(9600);
      myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
    }
    void loop() {
      // rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
      for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){  
      myServo.write(i);
      delay(30);
      distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree
      
      Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port
      Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
      Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port
      Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
      }
      // Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
      for(int i=165;i>15;i--){  
      myServo.write(i);
      delay(30);
      distance = calculateDistance();
      Serial.print(i);
      Serial.print(",");
      Serial.print(distance);
      Serial.print(".");
      }
    }
    // Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor
    int calculateDistance(){ 
      
      digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); 
      delayMicroseconds(2);
      // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
      digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); 
      delayMicroseconds(10);
      digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
      duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
      distance= duration*0.034/2;
      return distance;
    }

// Includes the Servo library

#include <Servo.h>.

// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor

const int trigPin = 10;

const int echoPin = 11;

// Variables for the duration and the distance

long duration;

int distance;

Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor

void setup() {

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input

Serial.begin(9600);

myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached

}

void loop() {

// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees

for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree

Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port

Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port

Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

}

// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees

for(int i=165;i>15;i--){

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();

Serial.print(i);

Serial.print(",");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.print(".");

}

// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor

int calculateDistance(){

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

distance= duration*0.034/2;

return distance;

}

Jika kamu berhasil mengupload source code diatas, maka servo akan mulai bergerak untuk menscan data.

Langkah 2

Buka software processing yang sudah kamu download, lalu pastekan source code berikut:

    /*   Arduino Radar Project
     *
     *   Updated version. Fits any screen resolution!
     *   Just change the values in the size() function,
     *   with your screen resolution.
     *      
     *  by Dejan Nedelkovski, 
     *  www.HowToMechatronics.com
     *  
     */
    import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication
    import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port
    import java.io.IOException;
    Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
    // defubes variables
    String angle="";
    String distance="";
    String data="";
    String noObject;
    float pixsDistance;
    int iAngle, iDistance;
    int index1=0;
    int index2=0;
    PFont orcFont;
    void setup() {
      
     size (1366, 768); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***
     smooth();
     myPort = new Serial(this,"COM23", 9600); // starts the serial communication
     myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
     orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw");
    }
    void draw() {
      
      fill(98,245,31);
      textFont(orcFont);
      // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
      noStroke();
      fill(0,4); 
      rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065); 
      
      fill(98,245,31); // green color
      // calls the functions for drawing the radar
      drawRadar(); 
      drawLine();
      drawObject();
      drawText();
    }
    void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port
      // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".
      data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');
      data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);
      
      index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"
      angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port
      distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance
      
      // converts the String variables into Integer
      iAngle = int(angle);
      iDistance = int(distance);
    }
    void drawRadar() {
      pushMatrix();
      translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
      noFill();
      strokeWeight(2);
      stroke(98,245,31);
      // draws the arc lines
      arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);
      arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);
      arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);
      arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);
      // draws the angle lines
      line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);
      line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));
      line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));
      line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));
      line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));
      line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));
      line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);
      popMatrix();
    }
    void drawObject() {
      pushMatrix();
      translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
      strokeWeight(9);
      stroke(255,10,10); // red color
      pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
      // limiting the range to 40 cms
      if(iDistance<40){
        // draws the object according to the angle and the distance
      line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));
      }
      popMatrix();
    }
    void drawLine() {
      pushMatrix();
      strokeWeight(9);
      stroke(30,250,60);
      translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
      line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle
      popMatrix();
    }
    void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen
      
      pushMatrix();
      if(iDistance>40) {
      noObject = "Out of Range";
      }
      else {
      noObject = "In Range";
      }
      fill(0,0,0);
      noStroke();
      rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
      fill(98,245,31);
      textSize(25);
      
      text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
      text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
      text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);
      text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);
      textSize(40);
      text("Object: " + noObject, width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);
      text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);
      text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);
      if(iDistance<40) {
      text("        " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);
      }
      textSize(25);
      fill(98,245,60);
      translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));
      rotate(-radians(-60));
      text("30°",0,0);
      resetMatrix();
      translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));
      rotate(-radians(-30));
      text("60°",0,0);
      resetMatrix();
      translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));
      rotate(radians(0));
      text("90°",0,0);
      resetMatrix();
      translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));
      rotate(radians(-30));
      text("120°",0,0);
      resetMatrix();
      translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));
      rotate(radians(-60));
      text("150°",0,0);
      popMatrix(); 
    }

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/* Arduino Radar Project

* Updated version. Fits any screen resolution!

* Just change the values in the size() function,

* with your screen resolution.

* by Dejan Nedelkovski,

* www.HowToMechatronics.com

import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port

import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial

// defubes variables

String angle="";

String distance="";

String data="";

String noObject;

float pixsDistance;

int iAngle, iDistance;

int index1=0;

int index2=0;

PFont orcFont;

void setup() {

size (1366, 768); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***

smooth();

myPort = new Serial(this,"COM23", 9600); // starts the serial communication

myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.

orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw");

}

void draw() {

fill(98,245,31);

textFont(orcFont);

// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line

noStroke();

fill(0,4);

rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065);

fill(98,245,31); // green color

// calls the functions for drawing the radar

drawRadar();

drawLine();

drawObject();

drawText();

}

void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port

// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".

data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');

data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);

index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"

angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port

distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance

// converts the String variables into Integer

iAngle = int(angle);

iDistance = int(distance);

}

void drawRadar() {

pushMatrix();

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

noFill();

strokeWeight(2);

stroke(98,245,31);

// draws the arc lines

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);

// draws the angle lines

line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));

line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);

popMatrix();

}

void drawObject() {

pushMatrix();

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

strokeWeight(9);

stroke(255,10,10); // red color

pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels

// limiting the range to 40 cms

if(iDistance<40){

// draws the object according to the angle and the distance

line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));

}

popMatrix();

}

void drawLine() {

pushMatrix();

strokeWeight(9);

stroke(30,250,60);

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle

popMatrix();

}

void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen

pushMatrix();

if(iDistance>40) {

noObject = "Out of Range";

}

else {

noObject = "In Range";

}

fill(0,0,0);

noStroke();

rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);

fill(98,245,31);

textSize(25);

text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);

text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);

text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);

text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);

textSize(40);

text("Object: " + noObject, width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);

text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);

text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);

if(iDistance<40) {

text(" " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);

}

textSize(25);

fill(98,245,60);

translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));

rotate(-radians(-60));

text("30°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));

rotate(-radians(-30));

text("60°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));

rotate(radians(0));

text("90°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));

rotate(radians(-30));

text("120°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));

rotate(radians(-60));

text("150°",0,0);

popMatrix();

}

Nah selanjutnya pada bagian baris ke 29 seperti ini

myPort = new Serial(this,"COM23", 9600); // starts the serial communication

1	myPort = new Serial(this,"COM23", 9600); // starts the serial communication

Disana ada “COM23” nah itu harus diganti dengan port yang digunakan oleh arduino kamu. Caranya lihat di Device Manager, untuk membuka device manager tidak akan saya jelaskan karena setiap sistem operasi berbeda letak device managernya, silahkan googling aja :D.

Disini bisa dilihat dibagian PORT, port yang digunakan arduino saya menggunakan COM23.

Lalu pada baris ke 27, sesuaikan ukurannya dengan resolusi layar laptop atau PC yang digunakan

size (1366, 768); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***

1	size (1366, 768); // *CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION*

Selanjutnya kita klik tombol RUN yang ada dibagian atas dan TADAA!!

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Membuat Radar Dengan Arduino

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